global warming1 essays

global warming1 essays Greenhouse gases (chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, etc.)let heat in but stop it from going back out - like a windshield in a parked car. At our current rate of creating these gases by industry, cars and burning fossil fuels, scientists predict a temperature increase of 4 to 9 degrees F by 2050. (9 degrees F separates today's average temperatures from the last ice age.) The United Nations Panel on Climate Change recommends that we immediately cut our use of fossil fuels by at least half. To prevent the current rate from increasing, we would have to cut by 60%. This same panel projects that by 2050 over a million more people dying each year from malaria because of higher mosquito populations due to global warming. Already yellow and dengue fever bearing mosquitoes are found over 3000' higher than their normal range in South America. Other predicted results of global warming include expanding deserts, forest fires, heat waves, crop failure, erosion, mud slides, mass extinction of plants and animals, sea level increases causing flooding and damage to coastal aquifers. The US with c. 5% of the world's population creates 25% of the 7 billion tons of carbon dioxide that causes 50% of the global warming trend. Five tons per capita per year! US oil consumption is now the highest since 1979. Since 1988, insurance companies paid 17 multi billion dollar weather-related claims. There had never been one even as high as $1 billion before 1988. Before 1900, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was stable at 280 parts per million. The concentration now is over 360 and the increase rate has doubled since 1958. 1995 was globally the hottest year in over 100 years and the driest in the UK for over 300 years. The green house effect gas and the global warming It is said, "if the carbon dioxide increases, the Earth becomes hot." By what mechanism does this happen? The gas which absorbs the infra-red lay...

Understanding and Using Loops in Delphi Programming

Understanding and Using Loops in Delphi Programming The loop is a common element in all programming languages. Delphi has three control structures that execute blocks of code repeatedly: for, repeat ... until and while ... do. The FOR loop Suppose we need to repeat an operation a fixed number of times. // show 1,2,3,4,5 message boxesvar j: integer;beginfor j : 1 to 5 dobeginShowMessage(Box: IntToStr(j)) ;end;end; The value of a control variable (j), which is really just a counter, determines how many times a for statement runs. The keyword for sets up a counter. In the preceding example, the starting value for the counter is set to 1. The ending value is set to 5.When the for statement begins running the counter variable is set to the starting value. Delphi than checks whether the value for the counter is less than the ending value. If the value is greater, nothing is done (program execution jumps to the line of code immediately following the for loop code block). If the starting value is less than the ending value, the body of the loop is executed (here: the message box is displayed). Finally, Delphi adds 1 to the counter and starts the process again. Sometimes it is necessary to count backward. The downto keyword specifies that the value of a counter should be decremented by one each time the loop executes (it is not possible to specify an increment / decrement other than one). An example of a for loop that counts backward. var j: integer;beginfor j : 5 downto 1 dobeginShowMessage(T minus IntToStr(j) seconds) ;end;ShowMessage(For sequence executed!) ;end; Note: its important that you never change the value of the control variable in the middle of the loop. Doing so will cause errors. Nested FOR loops Writing a for loop within another for loop (nesting loops) is very useful when you want to fill / display data in a table or a grid. var k,j: integer;begin//this double loop is executed 4x416 timesfor k: 1 to 4 dofor j: 4 downto 1 doShowMessage(Box: IntToStr(k) , IntToStr(j)) ;end; The rule for nesting for-next loops is simple: the inner loop (j counter) must be completed before the next statement for the outer loop is encountered (k counter). We can have triply or quadruply nested loops, or even more. Note: Generally, the begin and end keywords are not strictly required, as you can see. If begin and end are not used, the statement immediately following the for statement is considered the body of the loop. The FOR-IN loop If you have Delphi 2005 or any newer version, you can use the new for-element-in-collection style iteration over containers. The following example demonstrates iteration over string expressions: for each char in string check if the character is either a or e or i. consts About Delphi Programming;varc : char;beginfor c in s dobeginif c in [a,e,i] thenbegin// do somethingend;end;end; The WHILE and REPEAT loops Sometimes we wont know exactly how many times a loop should cycle. What if we want to repeat an operation until we reach a specific goal? The most important difference between the while-do loop and the repeat-until loop is that the code of the repeat statement is always executed at least once. The general pattern when we write a repeat (and while) type of loop in Delphi is as follows: repeatbeginstatements;end;until condition true while condition true dobeginstatements;end; Here is the code to show 5 successive message boxes using repeat-until: varj: integer;beginj:0;repeatbeginj : j 1;ShowMessage(Box:IntToStr(j)) ;end;until j 5;end; As you can see, the repeat statement evaluates a condition at the end of the loop (therefore repeat loop is executed for sure at least once). The while statement, on the other hand, evaluates a condition at the beginning of the loop. Since the test is being done at the top, we will usually need to make sure that the condition makes sense before the loop is processed, if this is not true the compiler may decide to remove the loop from the code. var j: integer;beginj:0;while j 5 dobeginj:j1;ShowMessage(Box:IntToStr(j)) ;end;end; Break and Continue The Break and Continue procedures can be used to control the flow of repetitive statements: The Break procedure causes the flow of control to exit a for, while, or repeat statement and continue at the next statement following the loop statement. Continue allows the flow of control to proceed to the next iteration of repeating operation.

Research the economics of making a career as an equestrian and write a Essay

Research the economics of making a career as an equestrian and write a 4 page paper about it - Essay Example In the US, one of the cities where the equine industry is booming is in the New York City. According to a study done in order to determine the economic impact of this industry in this city revealed that there are over 1.7 million equine divisions in the city. In 2011, the industry generated more than 4.2billion dollars. This, according to analysts is equals to creating 33, 000 full time jobs. The exact job impacts, however, totals 12, 903 direct jobs and 20,088 indirect jobs making a total of 32, 991 careers from the Equine industry in this city. The study also revealed that the equine industry has spread in the different counties in the cities meaning that they are not concentrated in one area. Racing was identified as one of the areas with the highest divisions with other careers such as training and breeding following suit. There are also jobs in the racing museums all located in this city (NYT Breeders). Economic impact of careers in this industry is either categorized as direct or indirect impact. Indirect impact is obtained from the direct expenditures that stem from the local vendors and the racing entities. Indirect or the induced impact, on the other hand stems from the high household incomes obtained from direct employment in the equine industry. Household spending makes sure that the money obtained is injected in the economy and that local activities are enhanced or funded as a result. The induced impact is also as a result of increased tourism and the availability of visitors who are willing to spend on businesses such as restaurants and gas stations (NYT Breeders). The major economic impact is obtained from breeders, racehorse owners and trainers. This is because their direct economic impact is 52% while jobs in this area are at 52%. Costs in this area are mainly related to horse care and farm care expenditures. Some of the fees included in these

Quantitative Methods in Aerospace Cargo Transportation Management Research Paper

Quantitative Methods in Aerospace Cargo Transportation Management - Research Paper Example Following pattern based strategy, analyzing the current trends, forecast and other predictive models, it is absolutely necessary to ensure potentially significant changes and improvements are introduced in cargo transportation management. Appropriate decision making cycle is required today to meet tomorrow's market demands . The key drivers that will dominate the air cargo world in the years to come are its standards, security and seamless movement across borders. This study will highlight the initiatives driven by important governing bodies like IATA, TIACA, Cargo Committee, Cargo Executive Summit to achieve those very goals of optimization and superior standards of cargo management.Significant gains in productivity can be achieved through advanced and more efficient IT-support and improved software systems, as well as automated transportation and handling equipment. The primary objective of this study is to reflect a few challenges and to present new insights and successful solutio ns to operational problems of cargo systems and cargo management. It has to be a collective effort with focus on the state of the art, applications of quantitative methods, as well as simulation results backed by authorities like IATA, TIACA and others whose initiative are in the interest of the industry. Initiatives are mainly keeping the larger picture in mind, to accommodate globalization of logistics, process complexity, need for fore cast, cost control, operational performance, Air freight company objectives, industry landscape, enhanced technology to support optimization. 2. Overview - Air Cargo Facts from IATA: Air Cargo is a US$50 billion business that transports 35% of the value of goods traded internationally and a critical part of the airline business which, as a whole, is the US$490 billion heart of a value chain that supports 32 million jobs and US$3.5 trillion of economic activity. It is an important industry that is critical to global business. While IATA continues in its endeavour to improve Aviation industry's competitiveness by cutting airport charges, improving fuel efficiency and other initiatives, there is focussed approach as far as Cargo priorities are concerned. Their attempt to simplify the business is already delivering results. E-freight is a reality and their US$28 billion settlement system is the supply chain's financial backbone which will be discussed further in the below sections. Apart from E-freight, their priorities include Cargo Safety, Cargo Security, Cargo and Environment, CASS and agency programmes along with Cargo Standards. It is imperative, IATA's priorities in Cargo Management ideally is the basic outline based on which quantitative methods for Aerospace Cargo Transportation Management have to be developed and implemented. Before there is further detailing on quantitative methods, a quick glance at the key drivers of Cargo world and its potential impact on business are listed below: Reduce operating costs Maintain optimum levels of

To Kill a Mockingbird Book Response Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird Book Response Essay To Kill a Mockingbird is one the most enduring stories to be told. One of the reasons for its appeal is that it brings to light social issues that remain as relevant to day as they have been when Harper Lee (1988) wrote it. One of the most interesting facets of the story is that it is told from the perspective of a child that challenges adult readers claim to maturity and wisdom. The summation of Tom’s case is expresses the tragedy of the story: â€Å"Atticus had used every tool available to free men to save Tom Robinson, but in the secret courts of mens hearts Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed. (pp. 244-245). This realization is the realization that the trial revealed that despite the illustration of Maycomb, Alabama as a sleepy, tired town, there were significant social conflicts just beneath its social faà §ade. As a classroom material, the book’s coming of age style allows younger readers to relate effectively with the story. Since the setting maybe alien to students, there should effort to explain the social relevance of the issues and its possible application today. There should be emphasis that Lee goes beyond race as a tool of discrimination and seeks to address censure for differences with mainstream society. Lee’s work is an inspiration to other writers in engaging their audience. The presentation of various perspectives on the issue without changing the voice of the story also allows readers to easily place themselves in not just the narrator’s shoes but keep touch with their own. After reading the book, one has the realization of the power of discrimination and social exclusion. Moreover, that regardless of how enlightened or placid people are, these issues always cause significant rift and conflict in the community. Reference Lee, Harper (1988). To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Grand Central Publishing Lee, Harper (2008). To Kill a Mockingbird. Book Rags. Retrieved on February 20, 2008, from http://www.bookrags.com/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

All American Tragedy :: essays papers

All American Tragedy Without a doubt, most Americans can distinctly draw a picture in their minds of John Wilkes Booth†¦ The Civil War had ended five days previously with the surrender of General Lee. President Lincoln and the first lady had decided to take a night off and see a stage play at the Ford’s Theatre. An obviously enraged young actor preceded into the stage box a kills Lincoln, and then exits the theatre by jumping on to the stage and escaping through the back where a horse had been waiting. Booth tried to escape for good, but within two weeks he was killed in a violent ordeal near Bowling Green, VA. From the moment the shot rang out in that theatre, the American people knew who Booth was. An interesting note was that if Lincoln had seen the men who avenged the South, he would have recognized Booth immediately. This would have not came as a surprise to many, since John Wilkes was one of the most recognizable men in the country, according to the National Preservation Society, or NPS. Lincoln was an avid theatregoer, and on Nov. 9, 1863, after Booth had preformed The Marble Heart, the President asked around back stage if he could meet with the star. Booth, being the outspoken supporter of the South that he was, declined the offer. This was the first major clue of Booth’s strong dislike of Lincoln. Booth was surely not in need of attention. â€Å"Thought the Civil War, the Northern newspapers fell over each other as they showered the young actor with praise.† (NPS 2) Chris Mynk 71567 How then is it possible to reconcile the two conflicting impressions of John Wilkes Booth? The best answer would probably be that one must understand the environments in which produced him- the world of theater and the struggle between the North and the South. Booth was raised in a theatrical family, where Shakespearean works were recited as often as the bible. â€Å"As the struggle between the States wore on, the battlefields at Gettysburg and Antietam must not have seemed very different than the battlefield of Richard III.† (Williams 578) In his career, Booth died a dramatic death hundreds of times. Many scholars have voiced the opinion that the assassination was, perhaps, Booth’s greatest "performance". In 1899, Joel Chandler Harris, a contemporary of Booth's who would become famous for his Uncle Remus folk tales, wrote that Booth "had all the elements of genius but seemed powerless to focus them.

Evaluate how personal learning and development may benefit others Essay

?Evaluate how personal learning and development may benefit others Personal development is very significant as this builds and helps individuals to achieve their goals, the individual can do this by working to their full potential and as well as set themselves achievable targets that they can achieve by using their potential. Personal and professional development is about the way the individual progresses and develops in a personal professional way. In all career an employer examines this by the employee manger to know and see how she or he has developed in a professional way. An Individual who’s in their last year of college can do this unit personal and professional development. This is good unit as it helps the individual to identify their strengths and weakness and it also helps to improve theses weaknesses. If an individual is not yet aware of their strengths and weakness they will struggle to set themselves goals and achieve what they can to their full potential. An example of this is that in this unit, the individual look at many things such as influences on their studies, performance action plan, researching about theorists like Kolb learning cycle. Also Honey and Mumford and figuring out what type of learner the individual is, for example reflector, activist, pragmatists and theorists. They are a lot of things which can influence individual’s personal and professional development. Examples of this are role models, motivation, experiences in the past, time management, planning and setting goals. An individual develops in different ways as comes across different personal learning experiences. The first and the major influence is motivation . This influence individual’s personal and professional development. Motivation is what drives someone to do something. It is the underlying reason for why people do what they do. A famous quote from zig ziglar â€Å"of course is not permanent but then, neither is bathing, but is something you should do on regular basis†. This quote by American author who’s believes that motivation doesn’t last long but to succeed in life an individual needs to be motivated and keep it their mind at regular basis in order to do well. Past experiences are second influence which may affect individual’s personal and professional development. Past experience is experience which has occurred in past in individual life. This can from time to time stop an individual from personal learning and professional development. Every individual has got a past experience that may affect them from doing their full potential and from time to time this may be an obstacle. In phycology a study which was done which I will explain is Pavlov (Classical conditiontioning). What Pavlov found out that there is a human behaviour is learnt through different reflex responses and many stimulus for example unconditioned stimulus unconditional response, conditioned response and conditioned stimulus. An individual will use their past experience by using classical conditioning. For example an individual has been finding it tough find a job and this is since they haven’t got any qualification as they did not take education serous. At late stage of their individual has learnt is that in order to get good job. They will go back to college and try their best to achieve a good that they can get the qualifications which they need. I am now going to apply classical conditioning, Unconditional response: Is the individual is finding it difficult to get a job because they don’t have no qualification. Unconditioned stimulus: The conditioned response is because they never took secondary school and college serious they are suffering the consequence because they are unable to find a job. Conditioned response: The conditioned response is she is going to back to college and take it serious. Conditioned stimulus: The conditioned stimulus is this individual will remember every time what has happened to them in the past when they haven’t taken The influence that I will looking at which affects individuals personal learning development is role models. Role model is somebody who an individual look up to or someone that has inspired an individuals in their life. When an individual has role models they can great effect on an individual personal learning and development because people look up to others and do what they doing. For example a when a student has no interest for their college. But what this individual has that other individuals are doing their work and less stress. This individual may change in a very positive way by realising what other students are doing role models. An American psychologist had done a study which describes the social learning theory which as observational learning. He explained his theory by putting a giant bobo doll in a room with a child and an adult. During the experiment the adult would violently punch the bob doll, once the adult stop hitting the doll; he realised that the child in the same room as the adult would do the same t thing as the adult done to the bobo doll. This is observational learning and this is because the child witnessed a negative behaviour form seeing the adult. This psychologist has shown that do look at role models Time management is also a great influence on personal learning and development of other individuals. This is because everyone tracks the time in order to do most things work and college, work even sleeping this is clear example which that most things in life, if not all are timed. For example drake a Canada artist said† Better late than never, but never late is better†. This quote reflects the important of time keeping life.

Dynamics San Andreas Reflection Essay

We just recently had a lesson in Science about earthquakes and talk about some stuff until we arrived on how about we will watch the new movie â€Å"San Andreas† directed by Brad Peyton. So our teacher agreed to our suggestion and we felt excitement because we knew that we will be watching an action-packed movie. I watched the trailer at home again to know what I should expect from the movie. And I also felt curious about the San Andreas Fault which will be the main reason of destruction as what I have observed after watching the movie trailer. So the day came and we watched the movie. First scene in the movie and some of us were already thrilled as a girl and her dangling car were stuck between two cliffs because of the falling rocks from a mountain. And I also felt a little bit worried for the girl because I don’t want a cute girl to die right at the start of the movie :P. But then Dwayne Johnson as rescuer Ray came to rescue the girl with their helicopter and I felt excitement as they rescue the girl. It was an intense rescuing scene and some of us, especially the girls shouted while watching the scene. Also one of the intense and jaw-dropping scenes that made us go shouting is when the part where in the film, a previously unknown fault near the Hoover Dam in Nevada shakes and jiggles the San Andreas. The Southern California is rocked by a powerful magnitude-9.1 quake followed by an even stronger magnitude-9.6 in Northern California. As the movie goes, it never failed to entertain us. Also the stories of the characters featured in the movie were really interesting. If I were to put myself in the situation they were in, I might have a very low chance of surviving the disaster. I wouldn’t want to experience the type of catastrophe shown in the movie as well. Maybe the least thing I can do is to be prepared because I know we can’t predict or stop natural disasters and pray to God that He won’t let it happen to us, mankind. The San Andreas has long been considered one of the most dangerous earthquake fault and the movie showed us that it really is.

Political Culture and Good Citizenship

Political Culture and Good Citizenship Political culture is a widely shared set of ideas, attitudes, practices, and moral judgments that shape people’s political behavior, as well as how they relate to their government and to one another. In essence, the various elements of a political culture determine the people’s perception of who is and is not a â€Å"good citizen.† To an extent, the government itself can use outreach efforts like education and public commemorations of historical events to shape political culture and public opinion. When taken to excess, such attempts to control the political culture are often characteristic of the actions of totalitarian or fascist forms of government. While they tend to reflect the current character of the government itself, political cultures also embody the history and traditions of that government. For example, while Great Britain still has a monarchy, the queen or king has no real power without the approval of the democratically elected Parliament. Yet, while doing away with the now largely ceremonial monarchy would save the government millions of pounds per year, the British people, proud of their tradition of over 1,200 years of being ruled by royalty, would never stand for it. Today, as always, a â€Å"good† British citizen reveres the Crown. While political cultures vary greatly from nation to nation, state to state, and even region to region, they generally tend to remain relatively stable over time. Political Culture and Good Citizenship To a great degree, political culture implies the characteristics and qualities that make people good citizens. In the context of political culture, the traits of â€Å"good citizenship† transcend the government’s basic legal requirements for attaining citizenship status. As Greek philosopher Aristotle argued in his treatise Politics, simply living in a nation does not necessarily make a person a citizen of that nation. To Aristotle, true citizenship required a level of supportive participation. As we see today, thousands of lawful permanent resident aliens and immigrants live in the United States as â€Å"good citizens† as defined by the political culture without becoming fully naturalized citizens. Traits of Good Citizens Good citizens, in their daily lives, demonstrate most of the qualities considered important by the prevailing political culture. A person who lives an otherwise exemplary life but never works to support or improve the community by taking an active part in public life may be considered a good person but not necessarily a good citizen. In the United States, a good citizen is generally expected to do at least some of these things: Take part in the representative democracy by registering to vote and voting in elections.Run for elected office or volunteer to serve on appointed governing boards.Obey all federal, state, and local laws.Show up for jury duty if called.Be knowledgeable of the basic freedoms, rights, and responsibilities contained in the U.S. Constitution.Pay all applicable federal, state, and local taxes.Remain knowledgeable about political issues and government policy.Volunteer to take part in community improvement programs.Take part in patriotic observances and traditions, like standing for the National Anthem and knowing the Pledge of Allegiance. Even within the United States, the perception of political culture - thus good citizenship - may vary from region to region. As a result, it important to avoid depending on stereotypes when judging a person’s quality of citizenship. For example, people in one region may place more importance in strict observance of patriotic traditions than those in other regions. Political Culture Can Change Though it often takes generations to happen, minds - and thus political culture - can change. For example: Since its colonial period, America has seen periods during which the dominating political culture favored a policy of isolationism from foreign affairs, particularly foreign wars. In each of these cases, threats that foreign wars might directly threaten American lives and freedoms resulted in rapid reversals of the isolationist political culture.As part of President Lyndon Johnson’s sweeping Great Society social reform initiative, Congress enacted the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Passed after generations of post-Civil war racial discrimination, the law authorized the use of federal troops to supervise elections in several Southern states in order to protect the voting rights of black Americans. Forty years later, fearing that the racially-charged political culture in the South might still be a threat to the political freedom of blacks, Congress and President George W. Bush enacted the Voting Rights Extension Act of 2006. Today, multi-racial voting coalitions exist throughout the nation and Black-Americans are commonly elected to federal, state, and local offices. While some political cultures can be changed by the passage of laws, others cannot. In general, elements of a political culture based on deeply-seated beliefs or customs, such as patriotism, religion, or ethnicity are far more resistant to change than those based simply on the government’s policies or practices. Political Culture and US Nation Building While it is always difficult and sometimes dangerous, governments often try to influence the political culture of other nations. For example, the United States is known for its often-controversial foreign policy practice called â€Å"nation-building† - efforts to convert foreign governments to American-style democracies, often through the use of armed forces. In October 2000, President George W. Bush came out against nation-building, stating, â€Å"I dont think our troops ought to be used for whats called nation-building. I think our troops ought to be used to fight and win war.† But just 11 months later, the September 11, 2001 terror attacks changed the president’s perspective. As an outgrowth of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the United States has attempted to establish democracies in those nations. However, political cultures have hindered those U.S. nation-building efforts. In both countries, years of long-standing attitudes toward other ethnic groups, religions, women, and human rights shaped by years of tyrannical rule continue to stand in the way.

Reduplicatives †Double Delight

Reduplicatives – Double Delight Reduplicatives Double Delight Reduplicatives Double Delight By Sharon Reduplicatives never travel alone. In fact, they always come in pairs and sometimes sound rather silly. These are the words formed through reduplication, when you repeat a word to form a new one, or slightly change the vowel or consonant. These are inventive and musical words and there are hundreds of them in English. Also called echo words, there are three basic types of reduplicatives. Some repeat the word exactly, some of them use rhyme for formation while the others use vowel or consonant shift to come up with the other half of the pair. Most of them are two syllable words (four, if you count both halves of the pair), though there are some with three syllables. This type of word formation seems to come naturally to us. Shakespeare was responsible for hurly-burly , which is still in use, as well as other reduplicatives that are rarely seen outside the plays. Recent additions to the genre include the chick-flick, a film geared towards women. Here are some common reduplicatives. Repeating the same word: ack-ackaye-ayebang-bangberiberibonbonboo-boobye-byecha-chachoo-choochop chopfroufrougoody goodyha-hahush hushmuumuunight-nightno-nopapapawpaw Rhyming: airy-fairyargy-bargyartsy-fartsyboo hooboogie-woogiebow-wow easy-peasyfuddy-duddyhanky-pankyheebie-jeebieshelter-skelter higgledy-piggledyhocus-pocushodge-podgehoity-toity itsy-bitsyjeepers creepersmumbo-jumbonamby-pamby nitty grittyokey-dokeysuper-duperwilly-nilly Vowel changes: chit-chatclip clopcriss-crossdilly-dallyding-dongflim-flamflip-flophip-hopknick-knackmish-mashping pongpitter-patterriff-raffriprapsee-sawshilly-shallytick tocktittle-tattle zigzag Feel free to add your own in the comments. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

Salem Witch Trials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Salem Witch Trials - Essay Example There were even those who were wrongfully accused but were able to save their lives as they accepted that they had indulged in the act. These incidences took place in the region of Salem and these incidences were recognized as Salem Witch Trials. On the front the main reason for executing individuals was witchcraft, but the main reasons that are rational in nature are quite different. The rational reasons for the incidences of Salem Witch Trials include: post traumatic stress and disease called ergotism. Body The main cause of Salem Witch Trials was that two girls named Betty Parris along with her cousin accused an Indian slave named Tituba for practicing witchcraft on them and due to her practices; they ended up acting in an abnormal manner. There are various theories that explain why the girls were acting in an abnormal manner. Linda R. Caporael in her article titled as â€Å"Ergotism: The Satan Loosed in Salem?† states that those girls who resided in the region of Salem wer e acting in abnormal manner because they were experiencing a disease recognized as ergotism (Caporael 1). These girls were experiencing ergotism because they had consumed bread that was affected by a fungus called ergot. The bread they consumed was made out of the rye grains on which the fungus had spread and these grains mostly grow during summers as well as warm springs. The symptoms of the disease called Ergotism are similar to the manner in which the girls who were thought to be under the control of the devil were experiencing. These symptoms includes: experience of something crawling inside the skin, headaches, experience of hallucinations and others. Since the behavior exhibited by the girls is similar to the symptoms experienced by those who experience ergotism, it is plausible that the girls were not under any spell and were experiencing ergotism. Another possible explanation of the events of the Salem Witch Trials has been provided by Mary Beth Norton in her article titled as â€Å"They called it Witchcraft† (Goss 63). She states that issues experienced by a human in their everyday life are quite commonly associated to witchcraft and similar practices. She further argues that these events are a response to the issue of post traumatic stress disorder experienced by the individuals as they were exposed to the war that took place between the American Indians and the Puritans. This is possibly a rational reason because those who were first held responsible for witchcraft mostly included Indian women including Tituba. Tituba and other American Indians were held responsible because Puritians did not like them due to the war and because the puritans were of the idea that these Indians were people who were chosen by God. The girls who accused Tituba as well as other Indian slaves might be holding a grudge against the Indian because they might be holding them for the death of their loved ones in the war. Another possible reason that can be attributed to the events of Salem Witch Trials is boredom (Roach xxiv). Those who are said to be under the spell were mostly young teenage females who had little or no entertainment and were always practicing religion and were not allowed to experience entertainment because of the rules of the Church. These teenagers might have thought that accusing Indian slaves of indulging in the act of Witchcraft might bring entertainment to their lives and they might become the center of attention of others. The outcome of these accusations was that several individuals were sent to prison and several of them were even executed for being a part of witchcraft. Conclusion Salem Witch Trials

ESPN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ESPN - Assignment Example The augmented product is ESPN’s continuous improvement related to its contents as well as delivery. This means that the customers can trust ESPN for getting them deep insights and sports news from a new perspective. 2. ESPN has strong and dominating brand equity. Over the years ESPN has not only strengthened its customer base, but also has been able to instil an enviable brand loyalty, as is clearly reflected in the fact that ESPN is able to charge a premium that is well above its competitors’. This strong presence of brand equity readily translates into ESPN’s brand value as is evident in the statistics shown the case: that it is not only is a $6 billion company, but also contributes a significant 20% amount in its parent company, Walt Disney’s kitty. Risks: the only risk is that the traditional consumers who love watching ‘live’ sports action might get confused with this kind of brand extension promoting ‘gaming’ and not a real ‘sport’. Benefits: The AOL website reaches out to a very large consumer base, including those who do not have time to spend in front of their TVs (Dempsey, 2008). By streaming ESPN videos online, the channel can target this whole new consumer base. 4. ESPN has done very well in developing its brand through a variety of clever strategies. It has successfully explored a large bouquet of media to reach its consumers. From traditional television through cable, radio and print media to DTH, telephony, mobile services, internet, ESPN has been able to have a wide reach in its audience. Also its co-branding strategies have been very effective and mutually beneficial for all partners. As far as possible future brand developments are concerned, I think that ESPN should make its presence even more prominent in developing gaming software for various available platforms, such as, tablets, mobiles, etc. Also it should make